"Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi" jurnali pedagogik faoliyat bilan shug‘ullanayotgan professor -o‘qituvchlarning faoliyatini keng miqyosda yoritish va ularning ta’lim rivojiga qo‘shayotgan xissalari, ilmiy yutuqlarini o‘z saxifalarida aks ettirgan xolda respublika miqyosida va undan tashqarida keng ommani qo‘llab quvvatlash va soxani rivojlantirish maqsadiga safarbar etishdan iborat.
ҚАЛҚОНСИМОН БЕЗ КАСАЛЛИГИ, БЕЛГИЛАРИ, ОЛДИНИ ОЛИШ ЧОРА-ТАДБИРЛАРИ.
Аннотация. Қалқонсимон без эндокрин орган, яъни гормонлар ишлаб чиқарадиган органдир. У бўйиннинг олд қисмида деярли бевосита терининг остида жойлашган. Қалқонсимон без гормонлари (тироксин ва трииодотиронин) метаболик жараённи тартибга солади. Бундан ташқари, без организмдаги кальций алмашинувини назорати учун масъул бўлган калситоцин гормонини ишлаб чиқаради.
Kалит сўзлар. Қалқонсимон без, гипотиреоз, гипертиреоз.
QALQONSIMON BEZ KISTA KASALLIGI, DAVOLASH VA OLDINI OLISH CHORA-TADBIRLARI.
Annotatsiya. Qalqonsimon bezni bir juft yuqori va bir juft pastki arteriyalar qon bilan taʼminlaydi, simpatik va parasimpatik nerv tolalari innervatsiya qiladi. U organizmda modda va energiya almashinuvi regulyatsiyasida ishtirok etuvchi yodli gormon tiroksin (T4), triyodtironin (TZ) va tireokaltsitonin ishlab chiqaradi. Qalqonsimon bez funksiyasini markaziy nerv sistemasi, faoliyatini esa gipofiz bezi boshqaradi.
Kalit so’zlar. Qalqonsimon bez, gipotireoz, gipertireoz.
SOG‘LOM TURMUSH TARZINI TO‘G‘RI TASHKIL QILISH
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada sog‘lom turmush tarzining inson hayotidagi ahamiyati, uning asosiy tamoyillari va sog‘lom hayot kechirish uchun zarur bo‘lgan omillar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishning ilmiy asoslari va unga erishish yo‘llari yoritiladi.
Kalit so’zlar: To‘g‘ri ovqatlanish, Sog‘lom turmush tarsi.
DEVIANT XULQLI OʻQUVCHILAR XULQ-ATVORINI KORREKSIYALASHNING PSIXOLOGIK VAZIFALARI
Annotatsiya:Maqolaning mazmuni shundan iboratki, deviant xulqli o‘smirlar bilan ishlashda ularni tuzatish, to‘g’rilash davomida o‘smir xulqini kelib chiqishi sabablarini aniqlash.
Kalit so‘zlar: korreksiya, deviant, muloqot, psixokorreksiya, huquqbuzarlik, ruhshunos, psixoterapevt, o‘smir, giyohvand, profilaktika.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Abstract. This article reviews key aspects of the epidemiology of infectious diseases and how they are controlled. Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to public health, causing millions of deaths each year. The article analyzes the risk factors that contribute to the spread of infections, such as social, economic, and environmental conditions. Special attention is paid to the effectiveness of vaccination, early diagnosis and community interventions as the main prevention strategies. Based on statistical data and previous studies, the importance of an integrated approach to infectious disease control is emphasized, including the introduction of new diagnostic technologies and improved sanitation. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the need to adapt infection control methods to modern challenges. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of research and public health to ensure public health and prevent future outbreaks of infectious diseases.
Key words: Epidemiology, infectious diseases, vaccination, prevention, early diagnosis, community interventions, risk factors, public health, statistics, COVID-19, sanitation, infection control, research.
Abstract. This article examines the role of vaccination in maintaining public health, as well as its impact on reducing the incidence of infectious diseases. Historical aspects of vaccination, advances in immunization, and statistics supporting the effectiveness of vaccines are discussed. Problems related to misinformation about vaccines and accessibility to immunization are explored, as well as factors affecting vaccination rates in different regions. The article emphasizes the importance of educational programs and active community involvement to increase vaccination awareness and improve public health. It concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to adapt vaccination strategies to modern challenges.
Key words: Vaccination, public health, infectious diseases, immunization, statistics, misinformation, vaccine availability, vaccination rates, education programs, collective immunity, vaccine effectiveness, public health.
Abstract. This article discusses the impact of a healthy diet on the overall health of a person, based on data from numerous scientific studies. A healthy diet is defined as a balanced diet rich in macronutrients and micronutrients that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins. The article demonstrates that following the principles of a healthy diet can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and certain cancers, as well as having a positive impact on mental health. The statistical evidence presented, such as the results of the INTERHEART and EPIC studies, supports the importance of good nutrition in preventing disease and improving quality of life. In conclusion, the need for further research on the impact of nutrition on health is emphasized in order to formulate effective public health strategies and increase public awareness of the importance of a healthy diet.
Key words: Healthy eating, nutrients, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer prevention, mental health, Mediterranean diet, processed foods, scientific research, public health, nutritional guidelines, quality of life, nutritional epidemiology, dietary habits, nutrition and health.
IT TIZIMLARINI BIZNES JARAYONLARIGA QANDAY INTEGRATSIYA QILISH.
Annotatsiya: Zamonaviy biznes sharoitida axborot texnologiyalari (IT) tizimlarining ahamiyati tobora ortib bormoqda. Ushbu maqolada IT tizimlarini biznes jarayonlariga integratsiya qilishning usullari, afzalliklari va qiyinchiliklari koʻrib chiqiladi. Maqolada, IT tizimlarini biznes strategiyalari bilan uygʻunlashtirish orqali samaradorlikni oshirish, xarajatlarni kamaytirish va raqobatdoshlikni oshirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management) va boshqa tizimlarning biznes jarayonlariga qanday taʼsir oʻtkazishi misollar bilan koʻrsatilgan. Maqolada, IT tizimlarini joriy etishda duch kelinadigan muammolar, masalan, xodimlarning qarshiligi, texnik qiyinchiliklar va xavfsizlik masalalari ham yoritilgan. Xulosa qilib, IT tizimlarini toʻgʻri integratsiya qilish orqali bizneslarning raqobatbardoshligini oshirish va innovatsion yechimlarni joriy etishning ahamiyati taʼkidlangan.
Kalit so‘zi: Axborot texnologiyalari (IT), Biznes jarayonlari, Integratsiya, ERP tizimlari (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM tizimlari (Customer Relationship Management), Biznes strategiyasi, Samaradorlikni oshirish, Xarajatlarni kamaytirish, Raqobatbardoshlik, Innovatsion yechimlar, Xavfsizlik muammolari, Texnik qiyinchiliklar, Xodimlarning qarshiligi, Maʼlumotlarni boshqarish, Avtomatlashtirish
MENEJMENT VA LIDERLIK: QANDAY QILIB SAMARALI RAHBARLAR VA JAMOALAR SHAKLLANTIRISH.
Annotatsiya: Menejment va liderlik zamonaviy tashkilotlarning muvaffaqiyati uchun asosiy omillardan biridir. Bu sohalar tashkilotning maqsadlariga erishish, resurslarni samarali boshqarish va jamoalarni rag‘batlantirishni o‘z ichiga oladi. Menejment tizimli yondashuv, rejalashtirish va nazoratni talab qilsa, liderlik esa vizyon, innovatsiya va jamoani ilhomlantirishga qaratilgan. Samarali rahbarlar aniq maqsadlarga ega bo‘lishi, jamoani boshqarish qobiliyatiga ega bo‘lishi va o‘zgarishlarga tez moslashishi kerak. Jamoalar esa birgalikda ishlash, muloqotni yaxshilash va umumiy maqsadlarga erishish orqali yuqori natijalarga erishadi. Ushbu mavzuni o‘rganish orqali tashkilotlar o‘z faoliyatini yanada samarali tashkil etish, xodimlarning salohiyatini oshirish va bozor sharoitida raqobatbardoshligini ta’minlash imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ladilar. Menejment va liderlikni to‘g‘ri qo‘llash orqali tashkilotlar nafaqat o‘zlarining, balki butun jamiyatning rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shishlari mumkin.
Kalit so‘zi: Motivatsiya, Innovatsiya, Muloqot, Vizyon, Jamoa, Menejment, Rahbarlik
STARTAP BOSHQARUVI VA TADBIRKORLIK: YANGI BIZNESLARNI BOSHLASH, ULARNI RIVOJLANTIRISH VA MUVAFFAQIYATGA OLIB CHIQISH
Annotatsiya: Startap boshqaruvi va tadbirkorlik sohasida yangi bizneslarni yaratish, ularni rivojlantirish va muvaffaqiyatga olib chiqish murakkab, lekin qiziqarli jarayon hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada startaplarni boshlashda asosiy omillar, jumladan, aniq biznes g‘oyalarini ishlab chiqish, bozor tahlili, innovatsion yondashuvlar va raqobatbardosh strategiyalarni shakllantirish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, biznesni rivojlantirishda moliyaviy resurslarni to‘g‘ri boshqarish, investitsiyalarni jalb qilish, kuchli jamoa tuzish va mijozlar ehtiyojlarini doimiy nazorat qilishning ahamiyati ta’kidlanadi. Maqolada tadbirkorlikda muvaffaqiyatga erishish uchun doimiy o‘rganish, moslashuvchanlik va chidamlilik kabi fazilatlar zarurligi ham ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Xulosa qilib, startaplar uchun muvaffaqiyat kaliti – bu aniq maqsad, innovatsion yondashuv va kuchli jamoa hisoblanadi.
Kalit so‘z: Startap, Tadbirkorlik, Biznes-reja, Moliyalashtirish, Innovatsiya, Raqobatbardoshlik, Bozor tahlili, MVP (Minimal Ishlaydigan Mahsulot), Investitsiya, Texnologiyalar, Brending, Networking, Jamoa, Marketing strategiyasi, O‘zbekistondagi startaplar, MyTaxi, Payme
TILNI O‘RGANISHNING NEYROPSIXOLOGIK ASOSLARI. YANGI TILLARNI O‘RGANISHDA MIYADAGI O‘ZGARISHLAR
Annotatsiya: Tilni o‘rganishning neyropsixologik asoslari va yangi tillarni o‘rganishda miyadagi o‘zgarishlar tahlil qilinadi. Tilni o‘rganish jarayoni faqat psixologik jarayonlar bilan emas, balki miya faoliyati bilan ham bevosita bog‘liq. Yangi tilni o‘rganish, miya va nerv tizimining o‘zgarishiga olib keladi, bunda neyronlarning faoliyati va ularning o‘zaro aloqalari yaxshilanadi. Maqolada neyronlarning yangi ma’lumotlarga moslashishi, tilni o‘rganish jarayonida faollashgan miya qismlari, shuningdek, yangi tilni o‘rganishning ta’lim jarayoniga ta’siri hamda metodik yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi. Til o‘rganishning neyropsixologik asoslarini tushunish, ta’lim jarayonini yanada samarali tashkil qilishda yordam beradi.
Kalit so‘zlar: neyropsixologiya, tilni o‘rganish, neyronlar, miya faoliyati, neuroplastiklik, kognitiv jarayonlar, yangi til, til o‘rganish jarayoni, miya o‘zgarishlari, ta’lim metodikasi.
METHODS OF TEACHING SPEAKING TO YOUNG LEARNERS.
Annotation: This article highlights the effective strategies such as role - play, brainstorming, picture narrating and playing cards to turn speaking into more engaging part of a learning process. It emphasizes thematic teaching, group work and interactive activities to enhance speaking abilities and create friendly and engaging learning environment.
Key words: Communicative language, teaching, discussion, role - play, stimulation, information gap, brainstorming, interviews, story completion, reporting ,playing cards , ESL teacher , thematic teaching.
CURRENT TUBERCULOSIS A IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Summary: Tuberculosis is widespread in all regions of the world. According to WHO, in 2016, 476,774 people with tuberculosis had a positive HIV status, which accounted for 7.5% of all reported cases. In 2016, more than 374,000 people living with HIV died from tuberculosis worldwide (WHO, 2017). In recent years, the In the Russian Federation, there is a steady increase in the incidence of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection. According to the Federal Tuberculosis Monitoring Center, the number of people living with HIV infection has doubled. The article provides an overview of the epidemic indicators of tuberculosis and HIV infection in Russia. Problems of diagnosis of tuberculosis in combination withcoinfection, as well as new laboratory and immunological methods used today in the world and domestic practice to determine tuberculosis infection.
Key words: phthisiology, tuberculosis, HIV infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, immunosuppression, clinical manifestations, treatment.
MEASLES ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ TREATMENT OPTIONS AT THE PRESENT STAGE
A clinical follow-up and treatment of 72 children aged from 5 months was performed. Up to 3 years of age with measles. 68 people (94.4%) were diagnosed with a typical moderate form, 4 people (5.6%) with an atypical (mitigated) mild form of the disease. All the children were not vaccinated against measles. A typical moderate form of measles was characterized by a cyclical course with a change in classical periods and the presence of characteristic clinical syndromes. Pathognomonic symptoms were revealed: Belsky-Filatov-Koplik spots (67.7%), stage rash (100%), stage pigmentation (100%). Etiotropic therapy was performed with VIFERON. The rapid disappearance of intoxication and normalization of body temperature, an early decrease in the severity and duration of catarrhal syndrome, a decrease in the severity and frequency of complications, and the absence of ARVI stratification were revealed.
Key words: measles, young children, clinic, modern therapy, VIFERON.
HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA IN CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER
Abstract:Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies have identified elevated plasma homocysteine levels as a risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular diseases and thromboembolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia may develop due to defects in genes that metabolize homocysteine; dietary conditions that lead to a deficiency of vitamins B6, B12, or folic acid; or chronic alcohol use. Homocysteine is an intermediate product of methionine metabolism, which occurs mainly in the liver. Impaired liver function leads to changes in the metabolism of methionine and homocysteine; however, the molecular basis of such changes is not fully understood. In addition, the mechanisms of cellular toxicity caused by homocysteineare not fully defined.
Keywords: homocysteine, metabolism, liver, cirrhosis, vitamins B6, B12.
QO‘QON XONLIGI VA ROSSIYA O‘RTASIDAGI ELCHILIK MUNOSABATLARI
Annotatsiya: Qo‘qon xonligi va Rossiya o‘rtasidagi elchilik munosabatlari tarixiy jihatdan muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lgan bir davrni ifodalaydi. Qo‘qon xonligi, XIX asrning birinchi yarmida O‘rta Osiyo hududida mustaqil davlat sifatida tashkil topgan bo‘lib, o‘zining iqtisodiy, madaniy va siyosiy hayotida muhim rol o‘ynagan. Rossiya Imperiyasi esa, o‘sha davrda o‘z ta'sirini kengaytirishga intilayotgan kuchli davlat edi. Bu munosabatlar asosan savdo, diplomatiya va harbiy hamkorlik asosida rivojlangan. Qo‘qon xonligi o‘zining strategik joylashuvi sababli Rossiya uchun muhim savdo yo‘llarini nazorat qilish imkonini berdi. Rossiya esa, Qo‘qon xonligida o‘z ta'sirini oshirish va O‘rta Osiyodagi boshqa davlatlar bilan munosabatlarini mustahkamlash maqsadida elchilar yuborishga intildi. Elchilik munosabatlari orqali ikki tomonlama savdo aloqalari rivojlandi. Qo‘qon xonligi Rossiya bilan turli mahsulotlar, xususan, paxta, ipak, va boshqa qishloq xo‘jaligi mahsulotlarini almashdi. Rossiya esa, Qo‘qon xonligiga harbiy texnika va qurollar, shuningdek, boshqa sanoat mahsulotlarini yetkazib berdi. Bu savdo aloqalari ikki davlat o‘rtasida iqtisodiy jihatdan o‘zaro manfaatlar yaratdi.
Kalit so‘zlar: Qo‘qon xonligi va Rossiya, savdo aloqalari, munosabatlar, madaniyat, harbiy texnika va qKalit so‘zlar: Qo‘qon xonligi va Rossiya, savdo aloqalari, munosabatlar, madaniyat, harbiy texnika va qurollar. urollar.
SOFT POWER: THE MEANS TO SUCCESS IN WORLD POLITICS
One of the most influential books I have ever read is Joseph Nye’s “Soft Power: The means to success in World Politics”. The book that fundamentally changed my views on international relations and diplomacy. Before reading this book, I had not fully grasped the essence of soft power, but the book greatly helped me to gain a better understanding of its concept. This book fundamentally reshaped my understanding of power, influence, and leadership in a globalized world. Nye’s concept of "soft power," which emphasizes the ability to shape others’ preferences through attraction rather than coercion or payment, resonated deeply with me, not only in the context of international relations but also in understanding human interaction and societal change. It taught me that influence is not always about control but often about creating shared values, trust, and mutual respect.
O’ZBEKISTONDA SOVETLARNING SAVODSIZLIKNI TUGATISH BORASIDA AMALGA OSHIRILGAN ISHLARI HAQIDA AYRIM MULOHAZALAR
Anotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada XX asrning 30-40 yillarida O’zbekistonda sovetlarning savodsizlikni tugatish borasida amalga oshirilgan ishlari va bu borada o’zlarining mafkurasiga munosib vakillar yetishtirishga urunishlari tahlil qilingan.
Kalit so’zlar: mafkura, sovetlar, sovodsizlik, maktab, sho’ro hukumati, tadbirlar, xotin-qizlar, texnikumlar, maxsus kurslar, chalasavodlik.
NAFAS A'ZOLARI KASALLIKLARIDA ISHLATILADIGAN DORIVOR O'SIMLIKLAR VA ULARNING FITOPREPARATLARI
Annotatsiya: Ko'pincha shamollash natijasida kelib chiqadigan xastaliklarga yuqori nafas yo'llarining yallig'lanishi (bronxitlar) va viruslar sababchi bo'lgan gripp kasalligi (ORK) kiradi. Ushbu kasalliklar ayniqsa, havoni sovushi va sovuq tushishida rivoj olgani sababli ularni fasl kasalligi yoki fasl shamollashi deb yuritiladi. Ular nafas olish a'zolari kasalliklari orasida eng ko'p uchraydigan xastaliklar hisoblanadi. Bronxitlar patogenizmi bo'yicha birlamchi va ikkilamchi bo'lishi mumkin. Birlamchi bronxit mustaqil holda bronxlarning yallig'lanishi, ikkilamchi bronxit esa turli kasalliklar natijasida (qizamiq, zotiljam, sil kasalligi va b) kelib chiqadi. Kelib chiqish sababi bo'yicha virusli, bakteriali hamda fizikaviy, kimyoviy, changli bo'lishi mumkin. Bronxitlar rivojlanishi va kechishi bo'yicha o'tkir va surunkali, yallig'lanishi, katta kichikligiga qarab diffuzli va cheklangan guruhlarga bo'linadi. Bundan tashqari bronxitlar funksional holati bo'yicha noobstruktiv (oddiy) va obstruktiv bo'ladi. Ajralib chiqayotgan balg'amning xarakteri bo'yicha shilimshiqli (katarral), yiringli, gemorragik bo'lishi mumkin.
Kalit so’zlar: Bronxit, Zotiljam, Jo'ka mevasi, maymunjon, fenxel, tog'jambul, damlama.
Аннатация: Благодаря труду и разумному подходу человека появились десятки культивированных сортов пищевых растений, созданы сотни гибридных сортов зернобобовых, фруктовых и овощных культур, отличающихся от своих дикорастущих предков высокой урожайностью, питательными свойствами, а в отдельных случаях скоростью созревания и стойкостью к различным отрицательным воздействиям факторов внешней среды. Кроме того, многие новые сорта фруктов и овощей в своём составе содержат целебных веществ гораздо больше, чем дикорастущие.
Ключевая слова: плод, витамины, листья, флаваноид,ягод,кисель.
PREPARATION OF EXTRACTS BASED ON CRATAEGUS FLABELLATA FRUITS
Abstract: The total flavonoid content of hawthorn fruits, expressed as catechin, is 3.75 ± 0.15% in the dried fruit, 4.65 ± 0.05% in the thick extract, and 1.07 ± 0.18% in the liquid extract. Crataegus flabellatа fruits, along with other pharmacopoeial species, represent a promising source of biologically active substances for the development of drugs.
Keywords: Crataegus flabellatа (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch., fruit, dried fruits, liquid extract, thick extract, Extracti Belladonnae, Calcii carbonatis, Misce fiat pulvis, Da tales doses, Signa.
FIZIKA FANINI BOSHQA FANLAR BILAN BOG’LIQLIGINI OʻRGANISH VA UNI AMALIYOTDA QOʻLLASH - KASHFIYOTLAR VA TUSHUNCHALARNING INTELLEKTUAL ZINAPOYASIDIR.
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada bugungi kunda qoʻllaniladigan koʻplab fizik va kimyoviy gʻoyalar qadimgi sivilizatsiya davrlarida oʻzining ilk ifodasini topganini, atrofimizdagi dunyoning qanday tuzilganini bilish uchun, avvalo, uning asosi bo‘lgan fizika qonunlarini o‘rganish lozimligini va bu qonunlarni tushuntirishda fanlararo bog’lanish muhimligi yoritilgan.
Kalit so’zlar: fanlararo bog’lanish, fundamental fan, modda, atom-molekulyar ta’limot, fizik tushunchalar, kimyoviy elementlar.
BALIQLARNING RIVOJLANISHIDA NITRAT VA NITRITLI SHAROITLARNING TA’SIRI
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada baliqlarning rivojlanishida nitrat va nitritli sharoitlarning ta`siri ahamiyati haqida ma`lumotlar keltirilgan. Hozirda shiddat bilan rivojlanib kelayotgan oziq-ovqat sanoatida baliq go`shtiga bo`lgan ehtiyoj tobora ortib bormoqda, shunga ko`ra baliqlarni tez va sifatli mahsulotlarini yetishtirish uchun niratli va nitritli ozuqa muhiti qo`llanilgan holda tadqiqot ishlari olib borilmoqda. Nitrat vа nitrit tа’siri bаliqlаr хulq-аtvоrigа hаm o‘zgаrishlаr kiritishi mumkinligi aniqlangan. Nitratning toksikligi uning kontsеntrаtsiyasi vа tа’sir muddаti oshgаni sаri kuchаyishi mumkin, аmmо bаliqning tаnа hаjmi, suvning shо`rligi vа аtrof-muhitgа moslаshishi oshgаni sаri kamayishi mumkinligi tajribalarda isbotlangan. Bulardan olingan natijaar va ularning tahlilllari maqolada to`liq bayon etilgan. Tаrkibidа tuz miqdori kаm bo‘lgаn suv muhitidаgi bаliqlаr nitrit tа’sirigа ko‘proq moyil bo‘lаdi, chunki nitrit ionlаri yеlpiqlаrdа хlorid ionlаri bilаn rаqоbаtlаshаdi va o`ziga xos sharoit yaratishi izohlangan.
Kalit so`zlar. baliq, nitrat, nitrit, muhit, suv sho`rligi, gemotoksik, stress, nitro birikKalit so`zlar. baliq, nitrat, nitrit, muhit, suv sho`rligi, gemotoksik, stress, nitro birikmalar.malar.
НИТРАТ- ВА НИТРИТ ИОНЛАРИНИ DANIO RERIO ЭМБРИОГЕНЕЗИГА ТАЪСИРИ
Аннотация. Мақолада Danio Rerio балиқ тури эмбриогенезига нитратлар ва нитритларнинг таъсирини ўрганишга қаратилган бўлиб, бу объектнинг бошқа тест-объектларга нисбатан танланиши уни сақлаш учун камроқ харажат талаб қилиниши, эмбриогенез босқичларининг тез ўтиши, эмбрионларининг шўъранглиги ва нисбатан кичик ўлчами визуал кузатиш учун қулай бўлгани ҳақида маълумотлар келтирилган.
Калит сўзлар: эмбриогенез, нитратлар, тест-объект, минерал ўғитлар, Зебрафиш, замонавий клиника, биотиббиёт, экология, экотоксикология, гидробионтлар
METHODS TO IMPROVE THE TRAINING OF MILITARY PERSONNEL: THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN
Annotatsiya: Oʻzbekiston mustaqillikka erishganidan soʻng, mamlakatning harbiy tizimi yangi xavflar, tahdidlar va zamonaviy urush uslublari talablariga javob beradigan harbiy tayyorgarlikni modernizatsiya qilishga alohida eʼtibor qaratilganligi hamda Oʻzbekistonning harbiy tizimi, texnologiyalarni joriy etish, xalqaro hamkorlik va qoʻshma mashqlarni oʻtkazish, harbiy taʼlimni professionalizatsiya qilish, liderlikni rivojlantirish va psixologik barqarorlikni oshirishni oʻz ichiga olgan bir qator islohotlarni amalga oshirdi. Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekistonning harbiy professional kadrlarni tayyorlashni modernizatsiya qilishga yoʻnaltirilgan asosiy yoʻnalishlari va usullari koʻrib chiqilgan.
Kalit soʻzlar: Oʻzbekiston, harbiy tayyorgarlik, modernizatsiya, xalqaro hamkorlik, qoʻshma mashqlar, harbiy taʼlim, texnologiyalar, psixologik barqarorlik, harbiy professional tayyorgarlik, kadrlar tayyorlash, kiberxavfsizlik, harbiy oliy o‘quv yurtlari.
OMMAVIY TARTIBSIZLIKLARNI BARTARAF ETISH VA OLDINI OLISH BO'YICHA SIYOSIY, SOTSIOLOGIK YONDASHUVLAR VA OMMAVIY KAYFIYATLAR BO'YICHA TUSHUNCHALAR.
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada ommaviy tartibsizlikni bartaraf etish va oldini olishda siyosiy, sotsiologik yondashuvlar va ommaviy kayfiyatlar yoritilib beriladi.
Kalit so‘zlar: Ommaviy tartibsizlik, siyosiy, sotsiologik yondashuvlar va ommaviy kayfiyatlar tavsiflanishi.
OMMAVIY TARTIBSIZLIKLARNI OLDINI OLISH VA BARTARAF ETISH BO‘YICHA BELORUSIYA, ROSSIYA MAXSUS BO‘LINMALARINI TAYYORLASHNING O‘ZIGA HOS XUSUSIYATLARI.
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada ommaviy tartibsizliklarni oldini olish va bartaraf etish bo‘yicha Belorusiya, Rossiya maxsus bo‘linmalarini tayyorlashning o‘ziga hos xususiyatlari yoritilib beriladi.
Kalit so‘zlar: Ommaviy tartibsizlik, Belorusiya, Rossiya maxsus bo‘linmalarini tayyorlashning o‘ziga hos xususiyatlari tavsiflanishi.
OUR EXPERIENCE IN USING MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL TREATMENT METHODS FOR FEMORAL FRACTURES
Fractures of the trochanteric region of the femur are an urgent problem of modern traumatology, which is associated with an increase in the number of patients with injuries to this localization. Given the severity of the general condition of patients, the severity of osteoporosis and other unfavorable factors, it is necessary to more widely introduce minimally invasive, low-traumatic methods for treating fractures of the trochanteric region of the femur in elderly and older patients. In 2023-2024, we performed 147 closed percutaneous osteosynthesis operations for fractures of the trochanteric region of the femur, including 98 (66.6%) men, 49 (33.4%) women.
TREATMENT TACTICS FOR SUBCOMPENSATED OSTEOARTHRITIS
Relevance: At the present stage, osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint pathologies. This disease occurs with high frequency among patients over 50 years old, but cases of osteoarthritis are increasingly observed in younger people. It is worth noting that a high percentage of elderly patients suffering from osteoarthritis have a number of concomitant diseases, which determines a significant level of comorbidity in these patients. The gold standard for the treatment of osteoarthritis stages III-IV is joint arthroplasty. It is known that after endoprosthetics, the functional activity of the contralateral joint is significantly reduced, which subsequently leads to knee replacement surgery on the originally intact limb [1]. Soinivaara T.A. et al. studied the bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur of the operated and contralateral limb among patients who underwent knee arthroplasty. A significant decrease in BMD was noted after joint arthroplasty, which plays a major role in patient therapy in the postoperative period.
TREATMENT OF INTRA-ARTICULAR FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL HUMERUS
Treatment of intraarticular fractures of the distal end of humerus. Radiographs of 27 patients with intraarticular humerus fractures aged 21 to 60 years (median - 37 years old) were analyzed, 17 of them were men and 10 women: they had remoteness of the fracture zone from the proximal metaphysis of the humerus, the length of the fracture zone and size displacements of fragments. In the statistical analysis of the actual data the mean, standard deviation was calculated. An analysis of the sample, including comminuted intraarticular fractures of the humerus, showed that the fracture level was in the range of 40.9±19.9%, ranging from 11.6% to 72.4% in length. Between the length of the fracture and the period of consolidation, there was a statistically significant positive moderate link. The term of fusion of the fracture of the distal end of the humerus correlates with the following characteristics: 1) the location of the fracture: the closer location of the fracture to the distal end of the humerus, the shorter fusion period; 2) the length of the fracture zone: the greater length of the fracture zone, the longer the fusion period; 3) the post-repositional value of the displacement of the fragments: the larger value of the post-repositional displacement of the fragments, the longer term of fusion. The revealed dependences are valid for fractures of the humerus in the range from 11 to 72% of the distance of the fracture from the proximal end of the humerus.
Key words: intraarticular fractures of the humerus, Ilizarov method, term of fracture consolidation.