BUYUK GEOGRAFIK KASHFIYOTLAR. AMERIKANING KASHF QILINISHI.
Keywords:
Kalit soʻzlar: Buyuk geografik kashfiyotlar, Amerikaning kashf qilinishi, Xristofor Kolumb, Kolumb almashinuvi, Yevropa ekspansiyasi, savdo yo‘llari, yangi qit’a va mustamlakachilik.Abstract
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada Buyuk geografik kashfiyotlar davrida yuzaga
kelgan dolzarb voqealarni, shuningdek, Amerikaning kashf qilinishini oʻz ichiga oladi.
XV asr oxiri va XVII asr boshlarida Yevropalik dengizchilar, xususan, Portugaliya va
Ispaniya kashfiyotchilari yangi savdo yoʻllarini ochish va yangi hududlarni oʻrganish
maqsadida uzoq dengiz safariga chiqishdi. 1492-yilda Xristofor Kolumb Ispaniya
qiroli Ferdinand va qirolichasi Izabellaning qoʻllab-quvvatlashi bilan Hindistonning
gʻarb tomoniga safar qiladi va bundan koʻzlangan asosiy maqsad yangi dengiz yoʻlini
izlash boʻlgan. Keyinchalik Kolumb kutilmagan holda Amerikaga yetib boradi.
Kolumbning sayohati natijasida Yevropa va Amerika oʻrtasida yangi oʻsimliklar,
hayvonlar va kasalliklar almashinuvini keltirib chiqaradi. Shuningdek bu holat
"Kolumb almashinuvi"¹ deb ataldi. Soʻngra Yevropaliklar Amerikada mustamlakalar
tashkil qilib, mahalliy xalqni qiynab ularga ta'sir oʻtkaza boshladi.
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